The present study on Research and Development Policies in the Southeast European Countries in Transition: Republic of Croatia has been prepared within the framework of UNESCO’s programme of participation in the activities of the member states, based on the proposal made by the Croatian Commission for UNESCO. The present survey of Croatia’s research and development policies in the last decade of the twentieth century covers some elementary conceptual issues of scientific development and structure and functioning of the scientific system. The following topics have been covered: legislative and institutional framework for the management of scientific work, financing, personnel, the position of research and development organizations, production and
productivity in research and development, specialization in research and scientific communication, and international cooperation. The report provides information on the social position and development of science in Croatia and will serve as a useful source in further work on the planning and programming of research and development in that country.